Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

水冲压发动机热力计算

简述了水冲压发动机化学平衡与非化学平衡热力计算方法及相应的适用条件,计算了试验发动机补燃室温度,并与试验数据进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,该热力计算方法适用于水冲压发动机。用热力计算方法可确定水冲压发动机最佳水燃比,进而指导水冲压发动机的设计和试验。     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室亚/超燃模态数值研究

采用Mac Cormack格式、B-L湍流模型及氢/空气两步化学反应模型,计算了双模态冲压发动机燃烧室在不同来流条件和供油规律下的二维燃烧流场。计算结果表明,在相同来流条件下,供油规律对燃烧室的工作模态有着重大影响;在不同来流条件下,可通过调节供油规律,使燃烧室分别实现亚燃模态和超燃模态。     

硅基材料烧蚀模型研究

对冲压发动机燃烧室所使用的硅基热防护材料，用以往的单纯因二氧化硅液态层被气动吹除减薄的模型进行烧蚀计算，计算结果和实际偏差很大。我们根据硅基热防护材料的实际特性，在原有的液态层模型的基础上，考虑了夹杂碳化层对熔融态硅基的补强作用，提出了既有液态层吹除也有化学反应烧蚀的新模型，即考虑了热解、熔融和碳化、气动吹除结合化学反应烧蚀的多因素过程。并根据硅基热防护材料的烧蚀特点，根据发动机模型的试验结果，初步总结出了液态层粘附力的经验公式。从物理概念上分析可以看出该模型基本符合实际情况；从多种工况计算结果可看出，新模型和经验公式是比较合理的。     

旋成体在无侧滑大攻角下的横向气动力特性

介绍具有尖锥头部细长旋成体（以下简称弹体）在无侧滑下横向气动力随攻角变化特性，其中包括尖锥头部顶角、旋成体长细比、初始滚转角、试验雷诺数诸参数对横向气动特性的影响。还介绍美国ＮＡＳＡ的一篇综合研究报告的部分结果。试验结果表明，在低亚音速下，弹体气动特性对上述诸参数反应极为敏感，有时呈现随机特性。头部加边条、减小长细比或在后体装尾翼，将有助于减弱横向气动力。采用弹体旋转飞行技术，虽然产生Ｍａｇｎｕｓ侧向力，但有效地克服了气动力的随机性。     

NEPE推进剂发动机振动安全性试验研究

为了评估NEPE推进剂全尺寸发动机在经受弹射和飞行振动载荷下的安全性,在不同试验条件下进行了NEPE推进剂165 mm发动机的振动试验。理论分析认为,NEPE推进剂全尺寸发动机在振动条件下因药柱温度升高及静电积聚而发生危险的可能性很小,通过相关试验验证了该结论,说明采用NEPE推进剂165 mm发动机进行全尺寸发动机振动安全性评估可行。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。     

开发月球车用的月表环境的地面模拟方法研究

当前中国正在进行自己的探月工程,预计将会发射月球车登陆月球表面.在研制月球探测器过程中,为了在地面验证月球车的可靠性和各项功能(如着陆冲击、自主巡航和遥控),必须建立相应的地面试验中心.根据目前对月球表面环境的认识和现有的仿真技术,文章提出了实现月表综合环境模拟的试验设施的设想.由于月球表面环境非常恶劣并且月表的地形也非常复杂,文章提出了一种组合式月表环境模拟器的设想.主要部分是模拟各种月貌特征(如陨石坑、斜坡、沟壑等)的可移动单元.每个单元是一个用模拟月壤制作的小沙盘,其化学成分、组成颗粒分布和力学性能和已经获取的真实月壤样品相似.根据不同的试验要求,选择相应的单元按照一定的规律组合成为试验场.这样在有限的场地面积内可以按需实现对月表不同地域的地貌特征模拟.同时,可以选择少量单元的组合构成更小规模的试验场,以方便与其它环境模拟器(如落塔,热/真空容器等)联合,实现模拟月表的综合环境.